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History of the Rose Bowl game - Back in 1901, the organizers of the Tournament of Roses were agonizing how to attract people to the activities on New Years Day. James Wagner, then president of the Tournament brought forth the idea of a post-season football game to attract the much desired attendance.

Fielding Yost, the coach of the undefeated Michigan football team challenged the University of California. California declined but Stanford stepped up to meet Michigans challenge. Michigans team devastated Stanford in a 49-0 score in front of 8,000 people.

The football game made a profit. However, due to the one sided triumph, organizers thought that the spectators would not show up for yet another football game and replaced the post-season football game with chariot racing. However, the chariot racing was wrought with problems. The unprofessional chariot racers would run into each other. Soon after, the organizers sought out professional racers, but then, the spectators assumed that the races were fixed. Subsequently, the organizers decided to return to the post-season football game.

In 1916, the second Tournament of Roses football games took place where Washington State defeated Brown 14-0. The Rose Bowl game has been nicknamed the Grandaddy of Them All and has been a sellout since 1947.

While computers are now an important part of the lives of human beings, there was a time where computers did not exist. Knowing the history of computers and how much progression has been made can help you understand just how complicated and innovative the creation of computers really is.

Unlike most devices, the computer is one of the few inventions that does not have one specific inventor. Throughout the development of the computer, many people have added their creations to the list required to make a computer work. Some of the inventions have been different types of computers, and some of them were parts required to allow computers to be developed further.

The Beginning

Perhaps the most significant date in the history of computers is the year 1936. It was in this year that the first "computer" was developed. It was created by Konrad Zuse and dubbed the Z1 Computer. This computer stands as the first as it was the first system to be fully programmable. There were devices prior to this, but none had the computing power that sets it apart from other electronics.

It wasn't until 1942 that any business saw profit and opportunity in computers. This first company was called ABC computers, owned and operated by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. Two years later, the Harvard Mark I computer was developed, furthering the science of computing.

Over the course of the next few years, inventors all over the world began to search more into the study of computers, and how to improve upon them. Those next ten years say the introduction of the transistor, which would become a vital part of the inner workings of the computer, the ENIAC 1 computer, as well as many other types of systems. The ENIAC 1 is perhaps one of the most interesting, as it required 20,000 vacuum tubes to operate. It was a massive machine, and started the revolution to build smaller and faster computers.

The age of computers was forever altered by the introduction of International Business Machines, or IBM, into the computing industry in 1953. This company, over the course of computer history, has been a major player in the development of new systems and servers for public and private use. This introduction brought about the first real signs of competition within computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development of computers. Their first contribution was the IBM 701 EDPM Computer.

A Programming Language Evolves

A year later, the first successful high level programming language was created. This was a programming language not written in 'assembly' or binary, which are considered very low level languages. FORTRAN was written so that more people could begin to program computers easily.

The year 1955, the Bank of America, coupled with Stanford Research Institute and General Electric, saw the creation of the first computers for use in banks. The MICR, or Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, coupled with the actual computer, the ERMA, was a breakthrough for the banking industry. It wasn't until 1959 that the pair of systems were put into use in actual banks.

During 1958, one of the most important breakthroughs in computer history occurred, the creation of the integrated circuit. This device, also known as the chip, is one of the base requirements for modern computer systems. On every motherboard and card within a computer system, are many chips that contain information on what the boards and cards do. Without these chips, the systems as we know them today cannot function.

Gaming, Mice, & the Internet

For many computer users now, games are a vital part of the computing experience. 1962 saw the creation of the first computer game, which was created by Steve Russel and MIT, which was dubbed Spacewar.

The mouse, one of the most basic components of modern computers, was created in 1964 by Douglass Engelbart. It obtained its name from the "tail" leading out of the device.

One of the most important aspects of computers today was invented in 1969. ARPA net was the original Internet, which provided the foundation for the Internet that we know today. This development would result in the evolution of knowledge and business across the entire planet.

It wasn't until 1970 that Intel entered the scene with the first dynamic RAM chip, which resulted in an explosion of computer science innovation.

On the heels of the RAM chip was the first microprocessor, which was also designed by Intel. These two components, in addition to the chip developed in 1958, would number among the core components of modern computers.

A year later, the floppy disk was created, gaining its name from the flexibility of the storage unit. This was the first step in allowing most people to transfer bits of data between unconnected computers.

The first networking card was created in 1973, allowing data transfer between connected computers. This is similar to the Internet, but allows for the computers to connect without use of the Internet.

Household PC's Emerge

The next three years were very important for computers. This is when companies began to develop systems for the average consumer. The Scelbi, Mark-8 Altair, IBM 5100, Apple I and II, TRS-80, and the Commodore Pet computers were the forerunners in this area. While expensive, these machines started the trend for computers within common households.

One of the most major breathroughs in computer software occurred in 1978 with the release of the VisiCalc Spreadsheet program. All development costs were paid for within a two week period of time, which makes this one of the most successful programs in computer history.

1979 was perhaps one of the most important years for the home computer user. This is the year that WordStar, the first word processing program, was released to the public for sale. This drastically altered the usefulness of computers for the everyday user.

The IBM Home computer quickly helped revolutionize the consumer market in 1981, as it was affordable for home owners and standard consumers. 1981 also saw the the mega-giant Microsoft enter the scene with the MS-DOS operating system. This operating system utterly changed computing forever, as it was easy enough for everyone to learn.

The Competition Begins : Apple vs. Microsoft

Computers saw yet another vital change during the year of 1983. The Apple Lisa computer was the first with a graphical user interface, or a GUI. Most modern programs contain a GUI, which allows them to be easy to use and pleasing for the eyes. This marked the beginning of the out dating of most text based only programs.

Beyond this point in computer history, many changes and alterations have occurred, from the Apple-Microsoft wars, to the developing of microcomputers and a variety of computer breakthroughs that have become an accepted part of our daily lives. Without the initial first steps of computer history, none of this would have been possible.

Reggie Bush was born on March 2, 1985, and has been a football star for quite some time. Ever since his early playing days in his hometown of San Diego, California, it was evident that he was going to be a star sooner rather than later. With so much talent, physical ability, and desire it is no wonder that he is emerging into of the best players of all time.

Bush grew up in a suburb of San Diego with both his mother and his father. At an early age they instilled a top notch work ethic in him, and this is what helped to move him from level to level with a lot of success. He attended Helix High School, where he excelled at both football and track and field. In football his team won two sectional championships, and in track he was one of the fastest runners in the entire state at the 100m. In addition to being a great athlete, Bush also got the job done in the classroom with a 3.8 GPA.

After high school Bush accepted a scholarship offer from the University of Southern California. As a freshman in 2003 he proved that he was one of the top recruits in the country. During this season he was named to the Freshman All-American Team thanks to his 1,331 all purpose yards.

Over the next two years of his college career Bush dominated the football field. He picked up several awards along the way, including the Heisman Trophy in 2005.

Bush decided to forgo his final season of college eligibility to enter the 2006 NFL Draft. He was selected second overall by the New Orleans Saints, and shortly thereafter signed a multi-million dollar contract.

The PAC-10 may have the 2 best CB's that are draft eligible in Antoine Cason and Daymeion Hughes out of Cal. Hughes has all the tools that ANY NFL personnel person looks for in a CB, size (6'2, 195) speed (4.3), a fearless attitude and a short memory. He is a play maker plain and simple.

Hughes is currently a mid-season All-American by SI.com and CBS Sportsline and ranks second in the nation with seven interceptions so far this season. Hughes is second all-time at Cal with 14 interceptions and snagged his seventh interception of the season against Washington, snagging a key pass in the end zone, and also broke up a pass and had six tackles on the day. He collected his sixth interception of the season against Washington State to go with three tackles and a pass breakup. Hughes had four tackles against Oregon while holding Jason Williams to just 66 receiving yards (he had entered the game with 115.5 per game). Hughes recorded four tackles with a pair of pass break-ups against Oregon State, and he returned an interception for a touchdown against Arizona State (his fourth career INT return for a TD and second this year). Hughes added a second pick-off against the Sun Devils (his third career two INT game) while leading the team with 11 tackles. Daymeion returned an interception for a 30-yard touchdown against Portland State, and Hughes snared two interceptions against Minnesota while also tallying six tackles and a pass break-up. He recorded five tackles against Tennessee as the Volunteers rarely threw towards him. A preseason All-American by eight different publications, including first team All-America by ESPN.com and Playboy and is on the Watch List for three different national awards.

In 2005 he led the PAC-10 Conference with 17 passes defended, including 12 break-ups while ranking second in the league with five interceptions and ranked No. 16 nationally in that category. Hughes finished fourth on the squad with 62 tackles. Hughes also returned his five interceptions for 159 yards, including a 41-yarder for a touchdown at Washington. Hughes had two interceptions in the shutout of Arizona and a 59-yard interception return at New Mexico State and his INT against BYU on the Cougars' final possession clinched Cal's victory in the Las Vegas Bowl. Hughes had a season-best 10 tackles and broke up two passes against top-ranked USC, he followed that up by getting a blocked a kick and recorded a quarterback sack against Washington State. He forced a fumble against Stanford.

Back in 2004, Hughes started at cornerback opposite Harrison Smith as a sophomore, starting in 11 of Cal's 12 games. The club's 12th-leading tackler with 26 stops, including 21 unassisted, he tied for second on team in passes broken up with six. Hughes starred in the Big Game vs. Stanford, breaking up four passes and recording a pair of solo tackles, he also broke up passes at Air Force and Oregon State. He tallied four-tackle games three times, at Air Force, vs. Arizona State and in the Holiday Bowl vs. Texas Tech.

In his Freshman year, he was the Bears' most productive true freshman, starting five games at cornerback and tying for the team lead with two interceptions. He had 30 tackles (25 solo) and recovered one fumble while playing in all 14 games. His first interception of his career came against Oregon State, a pick he returned 72 yards for a touchdown, and his second interception came against Washington at the Cal 6-yard line, staving off a possible Husky scoring drive. Hughes was credited with three tackles in the Insight Bowl against Virginia Tech. Hughes was the recipient of the Bob Simmons Award as the team's most valuable freshman.

Coming out of Crenshaw High School, Hughes graded out No. 79 on the California Top 100 list and No. 41 on the Athletes list nationwide. He was named to the SuperPrep All-Far West team and Prep Star's All-West squad following a senior season that produced impressive statistics on both sides of the ball. He rushed for 600 yards and chalked up 720 yards receiving, while scoring a combined 15 touchdowns as a senior and also registered 48 tackles and 10 interceptions at defensive back in 2002. Hughes made the Los Angeles Times all-region team and was named the Coliseum League Co-Player of the Year. He also voted runner-up Southern California Prep Player of the Year and Long Beach Press-Telegram Best in the West honorable mention. Hughes was regarded as the 11th-best cornerback in the West by PacWest/TheInsiders.com, and as a junior, earned all-league and all-city honors after rushing for more than 1,500 yards and adding another 520 yards receiving. Hughes also gathered 49 tackles, five interceptions and two sacks at defensive back. Hughes competed two years in basketball and track, and one season in tennis.

He is a art practice major at Cal and is the leader of their secondary. His parents, Ronald and Catana, call him by his nickname, Dant.

I see Hughes along the same lines of Cason, as the 1b to Cason's 1a when it comes to CB's this year. You can't go wrong with either of them. Hughes is a proven play maker that can take away half the field. If I had to compare him to anyone, it would be a more physical Champ Bailey. Bailey's cover skills were more NFL ready (when picked #7 overall by the Redskins) then Hughes', but Hughes has the ability to be THAT TYPE of player.

Summer's almost here and it's that time.

Yes, you need a new bathing suit.

No, no, no, now come on back here. That's it. Just sit down and relax. Take a few deep breaths. C'mon, breathe in through your nose, now out through your mouth. Good girl.

I understand completely. Why, the mere thought of the "Suit Ritual" used to send me running to the pantry for a container of Betty Crocker's Rich & Creamy Frosting. Of course, that was before I knew how to buy a bathing suit.

Bathing suit shopping need not be painful, stressful nor emotionally devastating.

Department store statistics show that over eighty percent of all women shopping for a bathing suit will leave the store empty handed. Of that eighty percent, a full sixty-five percent will leave the store empty handed, and require sedation. These are sad, shameful and totally unnecessary statistics.

Finding the perfect suit is simply a matter of understanding the logistics, then following a few simple guidelines.

Understand your body type. Not every suit suits everyone. What suit to pick? Well, if you're a busty gal, look to an under wire for support. If combined with the vee neckline of a surplice bodice, your ample bosom will look perky and proud. Avoid support that pushes up and together, lest small sea creatures become trapped.

Love a two piece, but have a tummy? No problem. It's a peek-a-boo tankini for you. Pull the top as high or low as you dare. In the water a little air trapped in the top, will give you a sexy, buxom look, and double as a flotation device.

Kissing thighs never "kiss and tell" beneath a flirty skirted suit. A pristine white pleated skirt is just the thing this season to hide past sins. Paired with a jaunty sailor's cap worn at a perky angle, you'll be the belle of the beach.

Think we're finished? Not even close. Deciding your body type is only the beginning. The preparation for your big day should begin at least two weeks prior to shopping.

Two Weeks Cut out all salt, sugar, white flour, animal flesh, processed foods, and fat from your diet. Eat natural foods, like celery, high in water content. If possible, eat only celery. This will enable your body to flush out all the built up toxins. To speed up the cleansing, drink at least twenty glasses of water per day. At first glance, this may seem an excessive amount of water, and it is. It's rather high. However, the more time spent in the bathroom, the less time standing in front of the fridge. Nuff said?

If at all possible, have your doctor prescribe a high dosage diuretic. The foot and leg cramps may become annoying and slightly debilitating, but just keep your mind focused on the big day, and you'll barely notice them.

Check the back of your legs. After being bundled up in pantyhose and tights all winter, some women develop a rash. This is nothing to be ashamed of, and is easily cured. Your face deserves a facial, so why not afford your legs the same respect? Begin with fine grit sandpaper and gently buff your legs in a circular motion. If you're lucky enough to have access to a belt sander, start on low and slowly work to a medium setting. Those pesky bumps will disappear in no time.

Winter clothes, and layering, can make us lazy, so practice holding in your stomach and tucking in your bottom, at the same time. Remember, our goal is to make shopping day a happy day, so suck in that tummy, and for good measure, tuck a fifty cent piece between your cheeks. If you practice holding it for only twenty minutes a day, why, in six months you'll be able to crack walnuts with those little beauties.

One Week A week before the big day; shave, wax, or slather on your favorite depilatory. And no, not just on your legs. My dear, there is nothing more unattractive than appearing to have a Jimi Hendrix-like wig stuffed in your pants. It simply won't do. Remember, we want to draw the eye to our best features.

Purchase a pair of polarized sunglasses. It's a little known fact, but polarization cuts down on the demoralizing effect of dressing room florescent lighting.

Weather permitting; get some sun on your legs. A bit of color will work wonders on loose flabby skin. Or, you might try one of the new sun-less tanning agents. Splurge, buy a name brand. By cutting corners with an off brand, your legs may truly resemble orange peel.

The Night Before Pamper yourself with a pedicure. Yellow-y toenails and dried cuticles have spoiled more than one bathing suit shopping day. And don't forget those crusty heels.

No under eye bags for you missy, get a good night's rest. If possible, watch "Beach Blanket Bingo" as you drift off to sleep. It will put you in the mood, and remind you that real women do indeed jiggle.

The Big Day Sneak out of the house before anyone else is even awake. And for heaven's sake, no matter what the "experts" say, do not take a friend. A true friend will lie.

So my darlings, go forth, flaunt your newfound confidence and buy that swimsuit.

Caveat emptor - Should you run into a twenty five year old, toned, sun bronzed vixen modeling a thong, retreat, but not before making eye contact. That's right, stand tall and proud, and signify in that special, wordless way that women around the world recognize - that she looks fat.

"Sometimes, being a bitch is all a woman has to hang onto." Kathy Bates in Delores Claiborne.

Vitamin B1 also called as thiamine is one of the eight vitamins that make up the powerful group called as the Vitamin B complex. Like all of the B vitamins this nutrient plays a great role in the good health of the body as well as a sound mental health. Proper care and caution should always be considered when it comes to taking in these nutrients especially when it comes to dosages as some may tend to overdose which is never really a good thing and is actually quite as bad as not having any at all.

Vitamin B1 serves many purposes in the body. It is an essential part of converting carbohydrates to energy and necessary to the proper functioning of the nervous system, the heart and the musculature system of the body. Thiamine is very important to the brain particularly in terms of emotional health and well being as well as being useful for focus and concentration.

There are a variety of physical conditions and diseases associated with deficiencies in Vitamin B1. Symptoms include pain, numbness and tingling in the extremities, muscle weakness and a lack of physical coordination particularly in the larger muscle masses that make up the leg muscles. A deficiency in thiamine can cause enlargement of the heart which can itself lead to congestive heart failure and lung congestion. A severe deficiency in Vitamin B1 can lead to nerve damage, brain damage and even death. Mental symptoms associated with a serious lack of Vitamin B include fatigue, psychosis and confusion.

These are a few serious diseases specifically associated with a deficiency of Vitamin B1 including the notorious beriberi disease. There are also two specific types of brain damage associated with severely low levels of Vitamin B1. One is the Korsakoff syndrome which results in confusion and short term memory loss. Another is the Wernickes Disease which has symptoms that include vision disturbances and irregularities, an unsteady walk and mental confusion.

Despite the obvious importance of Vitamin B1 to many of the bodys important functions a great deal of people regularly fail to meet the recommended daily intake levels of this vitamin. Alcoholics are particularly vulnerable to being deficient in Vitamin B1 because alcohol ruins the B vitamins. Illnesses that force bodily fluids out from the body such as chronic diarrhea can deplete the bodys levels of thiamine because it is a water-soluble vitamin and the body needs to have its steady supply renewed every day. There are also rare conditions that interfere with the bodys ability to use Vitamin B1 properly.

Dietary supplements are an affordable, safe and effective way to consistently meet the recommended daily intake levels of Vitamin B1. It is especially important however, when taking supplements to use them with care and attention because taking too much Vitamin B1 can cause adverse side effects and even serious health problems. As with all substances there is such a thing as too much of a good thing. Moderation is always key. While there are certain health situations that do call for higher than average doses of this powerful B vitamin high dosages should only be taken while under the direct supervision of a qualified health care professional. Like any other medication or dietary supplement Vitamin B1 supplements should always be kept well out of the reach of children.

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Charlene J. Nuble 2005. For up to date links and information about Vitamins, please go to: http://vitamins.besthealthlink.net/ or for updated links and information on all health related topics, go to: http://www.besthealthlink.net/ Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Charlene_Nuble

Andropause and DHEA are a medical condition and a cure paving the way for a steady recovery. DHEA is a steroid hormone produced in the body. A lack of DHEA, known as Dehydroepianodrosterone in medical circles, is directly correlated with impotence in men.

This is also referred to as erectile dysfunction. Quite simply, the more DHEA there is in your body the better off you are. It acts as a replenisher pumping life into various processes such as lowering cholesterol levels, reducing fat, and regulating healthy blood pressure. DHEA is synonymous with versatility it simply branches out throughout your body serving as a cleaner and a regulator.

The effects of Andropause can be effectively reduced by using DHEA as a hormonal supplement. Produced in the adrenal glands, Dehydroepianodrosterone is responsible for producing chemicals that influence the growth of testosterone in the body. Used as a dietary supplement, DHEA can do wonders for you. The enhancement of memory, stamina build up, and increased levels of libido can restore a man back to his natural state. It is a great treatment for men with erectile dysfunction, a common symptom of Andropause as well.

There have been plenty of tests using DHEA and placebos where libido and erectile function improved significantly in the men using this hormone than those that didnt. It has been said that low levels of DHEA is linked with a speeded up aging process. Before research efforts were placed into discovering more about this hormone, it was associated with helping in weight loss. Tests done on mice in laboratories showed that DHEA controlled their levels of obesity. Soon after, it was associated with a slew of other health benefits.

Bodybuilding enthusiasts should look closely into making DHEA part of their nutritional supplement regimen. The hormone plays a part in helping grow muscle mass (similar to the same rate as other over the counter products such as creatine and whey protein), reversing osteoporosis by building stronger bones and strengthening bone tissue, and regulating sex hormones in both men and women (estrogen and testosterone.) It works along the same plane as human growth hormone, another anti-aging drug given to menopause sufferers in particular.

As stated previously, hormones are not synthetic. There are human derived hormones that are packaged in capsules and pills and sold to the general public to increase the amount of hormone already present in the body. The production of DHEA in the adrenal glands is highest during the childhood and teenage years, trailing off later on during mid-life. Men produce more of this hormone than women, and senior citizens around the age of 65 have the lowest levels of all.

Consuming harmful substances can derail the production of DHEA, such as drinking Sprite, Coca-Cola, or other caffeine-packed beverages. Drink a bottle of mineral water and hold off on the Fanta next time! Other things that influence the levels of DHEA in the body are lack of exercise and stress. Basically, any activity that promotes aging will result in drop off levels. Jump on that treadmill, release that excess stress, and maintain your already decreasing amounts of this vital hormone!

Combat Andropause by carefully using DHEA as a hormonal supplement. If you take too much, your body will stop producing its own natural amount. An excess of DHEA can skyrocket your levels of testosterone, amplifying your male features. Remember, recent studies have shown that too much Vitamin E can cause heart failure. Did you think vitamins were care-free and harmless? Think again!

Cathy Taylor is a marketing consultant with over 25 years experience. She specializes in internet marketing, strategy and plan development, as well as management of communications and public relations programs for small business sectors. She can be reached at Creative Communications: creative-com@cox.net or by visiting http://www.howtoconquermenopause.com or http://www.everythingmenopause.com or http://www.internet-marketing-small-business.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Cathy_Taylor